Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe
Pecorino Romano and pepper emulsified with pasta water
Roman spaghetti cacio e pepe made with Pecorino Romano, freshly crushed pepper and starchy pasta water, without butter or cream.

Rome, Lazio
The regional version.
The Roman pecorino-and-black-pepper emulsion with spaghetti, without stabilising cream or flour.
- Pecorino Romano is the cacio in this Roman preparation.
- Freshly crushed black pepper provides the other defining flavour.
- Starch and cheese form the sauce without cream, butter or added flour.
Technique: pecorino Romano and pepper emulsified with pasta water
Cheese can clump when it meets excessive heat. Use warm rather than boiling water for the paste, and add water sparingly so the finished sauce stays glossy.
The recipe
Spaghetti Cacio e Pepe
Ingredients
Main
Method
- 1
Finely grate pecorino into a large bowl and crush the peppercorns just before cooking.
- 2
Boil spaghetti in moderately salted water, using enough to cover comfortably while retaining some starch in the water.
- 3
Reserve a mug of cooking water several minutes before draining and let it cool from boiling to warm.
- 4
Whisk a small amount of warm water into the cheese to form a thick smooth paste. Add crushed pepper.
- 5
Drain al dente pasta and toss into the bowl away from the hob, adding water gradually until the cheese coats every strand.
- 6
Serve immediately on warm plates. Keep tossing if it tightens, rather than putting the cheese sauce over a high flame.
The version on this page
The Roman pecorino-and-black-pepper emulsion with spaghetti, without stabilising cream or flour.
- Pecorino Romano is the cacio in this Roman preparation.
- Freshly crushed black pepper provides the other defining flavour.
- Starch and cheese form the sauce without cream, butter or added flour.
Cooking it well
Cheese can clump when it meets excessive heat. Use warm rather than boiling water for the paste, and add water sparingly so the finished sauce stays glossy.
Serving and planning
Serve immediately; this simple dish depends on temperature and is best made for the number of diners ready to eat.
Explore the Italian regional cooking guide for related dishes and pantry notes.
Storage
Best eaten immediately. Refrigerate leftovers promptly and use within 1 day.
Freezing
Freezing is not recommended for the finished cheese emulsion.
Reheating
Warm very gently with a little water; expect a less smooth sauce than when freshly made.
Keep cooking
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